Inflation and its Impact on Currency Exchange Rates


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One thing that’s on top of every investor’s mind these days is the rise in inflation we’re witnessing all around the globe. And inflation in the U.S. is sitting at one of its highest levels. 

Now, because rising inflation could lead to many problems for the economy as well as consumers, the Fed wants to tame it. And it is planning to do so by hiking rates.

If it does that, the rate at which it lends funds to other banks increases. This could mean low borrowings from these banks and the consumers, and it ultimately leads to less money in circulation in the market. That’s one of the simple ways in which a central bank can try to bring down inflation rates.

But it’s not as easy-peasy as it sounds. There are many factors involved, and tinkering any one of them could have a cascading effect on the others.

So, to make it simpler, let’s focus on the effects of inflation on exchange rates.

To do that, let’s understand why the U.S. dollar (USD) has been strengthening since 2021.

The USD was in a downtrend since the start of the pandemic in 2020. But that has changed since the end of January 2021.

We saw a U-turn in the market and the USD broke its downtrend line to the upside, as can be seen in the chart below…

USD’s Rally Since 2021

Source: smarttrader.com

How did this happen?

The simple answer to that is ‘inflation.’ As inflation rose, the dollar started strengthening.

The CPI has been climbing since 2021. Despite the cool off we saw recently, it’s still in an upward trend.

This bears importance if you are a Forex trader. 

One of the core concepts of Forex trading is understanding that inflation will affect interest rates, and interest rate expectations will affect exchange rates.

So…

Higher Inflation = Higher Interest Rates = Stronger Currency

And this is evident from what we’ve been seeing in the last couple of months. 

As the CPI started to move higher, the USD has been in an uptrend.

That tells us that as a trader, you have to look at fundamental inflation announcements in the economic calendar to plan your trades for potential profits.

A higher inflation reading will mean bullish sentiment for the market, while a lower reading will mean bearish sentiment.

Take the GBP basket for instance…

Suppose the market expects to see the inflation figure to come out at 0.5% for the U.K.. However, the actual reading comes out higher than that. In this case, we could expect the GBP basket to potentially strengthen during that trading session.

And that’s because of the same formula we saw above.

So, that’s one simple way to know which way the exchange rates are most likely to move during fundamental inflation announcements. And consequently place your Forex trades accordingly to target some potential profits.

Our pro analysts are closely monitoring these developments in today’s market. They’re predicting a major shift in USD pairs

Click here to learn about their forecast.

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